Found 4 images.
| ID | Name | Collection(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 550206 | Valence | Striatal BOLD and midfrontal theta power express motivation for action | Contrast Win cues (associated with monetary reward) minus Avoid cues (associated with monetary loss). Contrasted at the time people see the cues (not the outcomes), so this contrast is about outcome anticipation, NOT receipt. Motivational Go/NoGo task (Swart et al., 2017; 2018; van Nuland et al., 2020). Note that this Go/NoGo task is equiprobable (percent Go/NoGo trials is 50:50) and thus does NOT elicit strong inhibition-related activation. |
| 550248 | Standard reward prediction errors | Biased credit assignment in motivational learning biases arises through prefrontal influences on striatal learning | Parametric regressor: reward prediction errors computed with a standard Rescorla Wagner model. This is GLM1. The GLM contains the following 10 regressors: 1-4) 4 regressors crossing the performed action (Go/ NoGo) with the valence of the cue (Win/ Avoid). At the time of cue onset. 5) Response hand: +1 for left and response, 0 for no response, -1 for right hand response. At the time of cue onset. 6) Incorrect response. At the time of responses. 7) Outcome Onset (any outcome). At the time of outcomes. 8) Standard reward prediction errors computed with the standard Rescorla-Wagner learning model. 9) Difference between biased and standard reward prediction errors, respectively computed with a) a Rescorla-Wagner models assuming an increased learning rate for rewarded Go responses and a decreased learning rate after punished NoGo responses, and b) a standard Rescorla-Wagner learning model. At the time of outcomes. 10) Invalid outcomes (non-instructed key pressed, returning error message). At the time of outcomes. This contrast just reflecting the standard reward prediction errors (regressor 8). |
| 550249 | Biased minus standard reward prediction errors | Biased credit assignment in motivational learning biases arises through prefrontal influences on striatal learning | Parametric regressor: reward prediction errors computed with a standard Rescorla Wagner model. This is GLM1. The GLM contains the following 10 regressors: 1-4) 4 regressors crossing the performed action (Go/ NoGo) with the valence of the cue (Win/ Avoid). At the time of cue onset. 5) Response hand: +1 for left and response, 0 for no response, -1 for right hand response. At the time of cue onset. 6) Incorrect response. At the time of responses. 7) Outcome Onset (any outcome). At the time of outcomes. 8) Standard reward prediction errors computed with the standard Rescorla-Wagner learning model. 9) Difference between biased and standard reward prediction errors, respectively computed with a) a Rescorla-Wagner models assuming an increased learning rate for rewarded Go responses and a decreased learning rate after punished NoGo responses, and b) a standard Rescorla-Wagner learning model. At the time of outcomes. 10) Invalid outcomes (non-instructed key pressed, returning error message). At the time of outcomes. This contrast just reflects the difference of biased minus standard reward prediction errors (regressor 9). A conjunction of this contrast and the standard reward prediction error contrast captures regions for which BOLD signal is significantly better explained by biased prediction errors compared to standard prediction errors (see approach in Wittmann et al., 2006; Daw et al., 2011). |
| 550239 | Outcome Valence | Biased credit assignment in motivational learning biases arises through prefrontal influences on striatal learning | Go actions (irrespective of left vs. right) minus Go actions at the time people receive an outcome. This is GLM2. The GLM contains the following 13 regressors: 1-8) 8 regressors crossing the performed action (Go/ NoGo) with the obtained outcome (reward/ no reward = neutral/ no punishment = neutral/ punishment). At the time of outcomes. 9) Left hand response. At the time of responses. 10) Right hand response. At the time of responses. 11) Incorrect response. At the time of responses. 12) Outcome Onset (any outcome). At the time of outcomes. 13) Invalid outcomes (non-instructed key pressed, returning error message). At the time of outcomes. This contrast is based on the first 8 regressors, taking all 4 positive outcome regressors (reward/ no punishment) minus all 4 negative outcome regressors (no reward/ punishment) (note that all regressors at the times of outcomes). Motivational Go/NoGo task (Swart et al., 2017; 2018; van Nuland et al., 2020). |